Respiratory MonographPrimary: Vata-Kapha Dosha
Common Cold
Classical Nomenclature: Pratishyaya (प्रतिश्याय)
Common Cold (Pratishyaya) is an upper respiratory tract infection characterized by nasal congestion, sneezing, sore throat, and low-grade fever, primarily caused by an imbalance in Kapha and Vata doshas.
Medically Reviewed by Dr Kamaldeep Singh
BAMS • Director, Sri Lal Chand Charitable Hospital
Updated Sep 16, 2026
•4 mins
1. Clinical Overview & Definition
In Ayurveda, Common Cold is known as Pratishyaya. It occurs when aggravated Vata and Kapha doshas accumulate in the head and respiratory tract, compromising the digestive fire (Agni) and leading to the formation of Ama (toxins). This results in inflammation of the nasal mucosa, excess mucus production, and general bodily discomfort.
2. Ayurvedic Perspective (Samprapti & Nidana)
Disease Pathogenesis (Samprapti)
Aggravated Vata and Kapha doshas lodge in the Shiras (head) and Pranavaha Srotas (respiratory system), obstructing the passage of air and mucus.
Classical Root Causes (Nidana)
- Exposure to cold wind, rain, or drafts
- Consumption of cold, heavy, or unctuous food items
- Irregular sleeping patterns or staying up late (Ratri Jagrana)
- Seasonal transition periods (Ritu Sandhi)
3. Symptoms & Warning Signs
Classical Signs (Rupa / Lakshana)
- Kshavathu (Frequent sneezing)
- Nasa Srava (Nasal discharge/runny nose)
- Shiro Ruk (Headache or heavy feeling in the head)
- Aruchi (Loss of taste/appetite)
Modern Clinical Presentation
- Sore throat or hoarseness
- Mild fever and body aches
- Nasal congestion
- General fatigue
When to Seek Immediate Medical Evaluation (Red Flags)
- •High fever exceeding 102°F (38.8°C)
- •Shortness of breath or wheezing
- •Facial pain/pressure lasting more than 10 days (indicating sinus infection)
4. Primary Etiological Causes (Hetu)
01.Viral infection (primarily Rhinoviruses)
02.Weakened immune system (Ojas)
03.Sudden temperature changes (e.g., entering an air-conditioned room from hot weather)
5. Diet & Lifestyle Protocols (Pathya & Apathya)
In Ayurveda, diet (Ahara) is considered medicine itself: "Without proper diet, medicine is of no use. With proper diet, medicine is of no need."
Wholesome & Recommended (Pathya)
- ✓Warm water, ginger tea, and herbal decoctions (Kadha)
- ✓Light, easy-to-digest soups (mung bean soup, vegetable broth)
- ✓Spices like black pepper, turmeric, cumin, and dry ginger
Strictly Avoid (Apathya)
- ✕Cold drinks, ice cream, and chilled foods
- ✕Dairy products (yogurt, cheese, heavy milk)
- ✕Deep-fried, heavy, or oily items
Therapeutic Yoga, Pranayama & Lifestyle
Daily Habits (Vihara)
- •Practice steam inhalation with a drop of eucalyptus oil or carom seeds (Ajwain)
- •Keep the head, neck, and ears warm
- •Get adequate rest and avoid strenuous physical exertion
Yoga Asanas & Breathwork
- •Surya Bhedana Pranayama
- •Kapalabhati (light practice)
- •Bhastrika Pranayama
- •Bhujangasana (Cobra Pose)
Traditional Formulations
1 available6. Verified Desi Nuskhe (Home Remedies)
नीम्बू चाय (Nimbu Chai)Prep time: 5 minutes
Lemon Tea
Cleansing, digestion, immunity boosting, and metabolic stimulation
7. Important Clinical Precautions
- Wash hands frequently to prevent the spread of infection.
- Avoid direct exposure to cold air drafts or fans while sweating.
- Do not suppress natural urges like sneezing or coughing.
8. Frequently Asked Questions
Yes, cold water aggravates Kapha and suppresses digestive fire (Agni). Drink warm water instead to help liquefy mucus.
9. Classical Samhita & Modern Citations
- [01]Charaka Samhita, Chikitsa Sthana, Chapter 26 (Trimarmiya Chikitsa) — https://www.pexels.com/photo/sick-child-wiping-his-nose-with-tissue-5858852/ (2023)
- [02]Sushruta Samhita, Uttara Tantra, Chapter 24 (Pratishyaya Pratishedha) — https://www.pexels.com/photo/sick-child-wiping-his-nose-with-tissue-5858852/ (2022)